Shiny Happy Numbers: Weekly Challenge #164
It’s the real Weekly Challenge #164! I was tired so I didn’t proofread myself last week. Sorry for that!
164 is 4 * 41, so not prime, but it is, in base 10, the smallest number that can be expressed as a concatenation of two squares in two different ways: as 1 concatenate 64 or 16 concatenate 4.
Task 1: Prime Palindrome
Submitted by: Mohammad S Anwar
Write a script to find all prime numbers less than 1000, which are also palindromes in base 10. Palindromic numbers are numbers whose digits are the same in reverse. For example, 313 is a palindromic prime, but 337 is not, even though 733 (337 reversed) is also prime.
There are things that we’ve done before in the Weekly Challenge that are very helpful. I already have a function for finding primes, and I know that comparing the reverse of a string to the string is good for finding palindromes.
Because of what I’ve already learned, I was able to make this almost a one-liner. If I used Math::Prime::Util, I could probably make it into a proper command-line one-liner.
Which would look like this: perl -MMath::Prime::Util=is_prime -e 'print join "\n", grep { $_ eq reverse $_} grep { is_prime($_) } 1..1000'
I had to do some looking up because I almost never write command-line Perl like that.
Show Me The Code!
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use experimental qw{ say postderef signatures state };
# palindrome primes 2 .. 1000
say join "\n",
grep { $_ eq reverse $_ }
grep { is_prime($_) }
1 .. 1000;
sub is_prime ($n) {
return 0 if $n == 0;
return 0 if $n == 1;
for ( 2 .. sqrt $n ) { return 0 unless $n % $_ }
return 1;
}
$ ./ch-1.pl
2
3
5
7
11
101
131
151
181
191
313
353
373
383
727
757
787
797
919
929
Task 2: Happy Numbers
Submitted by: Robert DiCicco
Write a script to find the first 8 Happy Numbers in base 10. For more information, please check out Wikipedia.Starting with any positive integer, replace the number by the sum of the squares of its digits, and repeat the process until the number equals 1 (where it will stay), or it loops endlessly in a cycle which does not include 1.
Those numbers for which this process end in 1 are happy numbers, while those numbers that do not end in 1 are unhappy numbers.
Readers, I tell you I was so tempted to make it recursive, but there’s a certain thing that made me decide not to. Consider 4:
- 42 = 16
- 12 + 62 = 36 + 1 = 37
- 32 + 72 = 9 + 49 = 58
- 52 + 82 = 25 + 64 = 89
- 82 + 92 = 64 + 81 = 145
- 12 + 42 + 52 = 1 + 16 + 25 = 42
- 42 + 22 = 16 + 4 = 20
- 22 + 02 = 4 + 0 = 4
And we’re back where we started. Once we’re in this loop, we won’t leave, so this number will always be sad. I use a hash to handle numbers that have already been done, and keeping track of the things we already know in recursive solutions is harder than in iterative solutions, so I don’t recurse this time.
Again, I use sum0 from List::Util. I suppose sum would be safe, but I prefer to use the one.
Show Me The Code!
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use experimental qw{ say postderef signatures state };
use List::Util qw{ sum0 };
my @happy;
while ( scalar @happy < 8 ) {
state $c = 0;
$c++;
push @happy, $c if is_happy($c);
}
say join ", ", @happy;
exit;
sub is_happy( $n ) {
my $m = $n;
my %done;
while ( !$done{$m} ) {
$done{$m}++;
$m = sum0 map { $_**2 } split //, $m;
}
return $m == 1 ? 1 : 0;
}
$ ./ch-2.pl
1, 7, 10, 13, 19, 23, 28, 31